This was until the Time of Troubles in 1358 DR, when the craftsmen deity Gond was forced to wander Toril in a mortal avatar form and one day washed up on the shores of Lantan. In return for the people there sheltering his avatar, [27] [28] Gond revealed the secrets of smokepowder to the Lantanese, [28] including how to make reasonably safe and accurate firearms that utilized the substance. [29] David "Zeb" Cook (1989). Dungeon Master's Guide 2nd edition. ( TSR, Inc.), pp. 179–180. ISBN 0-88038-729-7. Following the destruction of Lantan during the Spellplague, many artificers considered the secrets behind smokepowder to have been lost. [38] Grobmeier, A. H. (2006). "Question 27/05: "Flashless" Propellant". Warship International. XLIII (3): 245. ISSN 0043-0374.

Continue reading about Baldur’s Gate 3: Broken Effigy and Chamber Of Command. Where To Find Smokepowder Reserve In BG3? Flash reducers dim muzzle flash, the light emitted in the vicinity of the muzzle by the hot propellant gases and the chemical reactions that follow as the gases mix with the surrounding air. Before projectiles exit, a slight pre-flash may occur from gases leaking past the projectiles. Following muzzle exit, the heat of gases is usually sufficient to emit visible radiation: the primary flash. The gases expand but as they pass through the Mach disc, they are re-compressed to produce an intermediate flash. Hot, combustible gases (e.g. hydrogen and carbon-monoxide) may follow when they mix with oxygen in the surrounding air to produce the secondary flash, the brightest. The secondary flash does not usually occur with small arms. [17] :55–56 On Oerth, smokepowder was an inert substance, not functioning until it was taken off the planet. [22] However, clerics of the Oerthian god of science, Murlynd, were capable of making smokepowder function by concentrating on it with their divine magic. [23] The properties of the propellant are greatly influenced by the size and shape of its pieces. The specific surface area of the propellant influences the speed of burning, and the size and shape of the particles determine the specific surface area. By manipulation of the shape it is possible to influence the burning rate and hence the rate at which pressure builds during combustion. Smokeless powder burns only on the surfaces of the pieces. Larger pieces burn more slowly, and the burn rate is further controlled by flame-deterrent coatings that retard burning slightly. The intent is to regulate the burn rate so that a more or less constant pressure is exerted on the propelled projectile as long as it is in the barrel so as to obtain the highest velocity. The perforations stabilize the burn rate because as the outside burns inward (thus shrinking the burning surface area) the inside is burning outward (thus increasing the burning surface area, but faster, so as to fill up the increasing volume of barrel presented by the departing projectile). [3] :41–43 Fast-burning pistol powders are made by extruding shapes with more area such as flakes or by flattening the spherical granules. Drying is usually performed under a vacuum. The solvents are condensed and recycled. The granules are also coated with graphite to prevent static electricity sparks from causing undesired ignitions. [6] :306

Product Reviews

Deterrents (or moderants) are used to slow the burning rate. Deterrents include centralites (symmetrical diphenyl urea—primarily diethyl or dimethyl), dibutyl phthalate, dinitrotoluene (toxic and carcinogenic), akardite (asymmetrical diphenyl urea), ortho-Tolyl urethane, :174 and polyester adipate. [15] Camphor was formerly used but is now obsolete. [7] Philip Athans (September 2006). Lies of Light. ( Wizards of the Coast), chap. 30. ISBN 0-7869-3237-6. Place a lid on the large bowl and then wrap it with a plastic bag to allow the smoke to penetrate through the other ingredients. Modern Smokeless Powder may have as much as a 30% higher energy content. Slow burning powders such as N570 have as much as 3.9 Megajoules per Kilogram (~1.3 Million Foot Pounds per Pound).

Smoke mix can be made in many ways, you can either mix Potassium nitrate and Sugar dry, in a 60/40 mixture by weight, or, for a better smoke mix, you can melt them down together over an electric hot plate. You should NOT make a batch more than 100 grams total at once, as the larger the batch, the harder it is to evenly cook. Ed Greenwood (October 2012). Ed Greenwood Presents Elminster's Forgotten Realms. ( Wizards of the Coast), pp. 125–126. ISBN 0786960345.Eric L. Boyd, Erik Mona (May 2002). Faiths and Pantheons. Edited by Gwendolyn F.M. Kestrel, et al. ( Wizards of the Coast), p. 25. ISBN 0-7869-2759-3. The following charges for delivery (exVAT) will apply for all customers from 1 August 2023. UK mainland* What is on the market today is miles ahead of the Cordite and the Poudre B of yesteryear. The difference is not the base chemicals as much as it is the geometry of the grain and the chemical additives that coat the grain. These additives can act a retardants which slow the burn of the grain, creating a harder to ignite but longer burning grain, or in the case of graphite, create lubricity preventing the clumping of the powder and allowing for uniform metering on loading equipment.

Pauli Kidd (November 1996). The Council of Blades. ( TSR, Inc.), pp. 30–31, 38, 44. ISBN 978-0786905317. Jeff Grubb and Ed Greenwood (1990). Forgotten Realms Adventures. ( TSR, Inc), pp. 12–13. ISBN 0-8803-8828-5. Don’t ignite more than a tablespoon or two of the dried mixture at a time, and only use paper cups as containers, and of course don’t set it off were it could start a fire. Grant Boucher, William W. Connors, Steve Gilbert, Bruce Nesmith, Christopher Mortika, Skip Williams (April 1990). Monstrous Compendium Greyhawk Adventures Appendix. Edited by Mike Breault. ( TSR, Inc.). ISBN 0-88038-836-6.

Usage

Flash suppressors are commonly used on small arms to reduce the flash signature, but this approach is not practical for artillery. Artillery muzzle flash up to 150 feet (46m) from the muzzle has been observed, and can be reflected off clouds and be visible for distances up to 30 miles (48km). [6] :322–323 For artillery, the most effective method is a propellant that produces a large proportion of inert nitrogen at relatively low temperatures that dilutes the combustible gases. Triple based propellants are used for this because of the nitrogen in the nitroguanidine. [17] :59–60 Davis, William C. Jr. (1981). Handloading. National Rifle Association of America. ISBN 0-935998-34-9. To prevent buildup of the deterioration products, stabilizers are added. Diphenylamine is one of the most common stabilizers used. Nitrated analogs of diphenylamine formed in the process of stabilizing decomposing powder are sometimes used as stabilizers themselves. [3] :28 [6] :310 The stabilizers are added in the amount of 0.5–2% of the total amount of the formulation; higher amounts tend to degrade its ballistic properties. The amount of the stabilizer is depleted with time. Propellants in storage should be periodically tested for the amount of stabilizer remaining, [3] :46 as its depletion may lead to auto-ignition of the propellant. [6] :308 Composition [ edit ] William W. Connors, Steve Miller, Cindi Rice, David Wise (1998). Champions of the Mists. Edited by Cindi Rice. ( TSR, Inc.), pp. 29–30. ISBN 0-7869-0765-7.

Propellants mixtures containing nitrocellulose and nitroglycerin (detonation velocity 7,700m/s (25,260ft/s), RE factor 1.54) as explosive propellant ingredients are known as double-base powder. Alternatively diethylene glycol dinitrate (detonation velocity 6,610m/s (21,690ft/s), RE factor 1.17) can be used as a nitroglycerin replacement when reduced flame temperatures without sacrificing chamber pressure are of importance. [6] :298 Reduction of flame temperature significantly reduces barrel erosion and hence wear. [7] :30 Propellant Properties" (PDF). Nevada Aerospace Science Associates. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 July 2014 . Retrieved 19 January 2017. Julia Martin, Eric L. Boyd (March 1996). Faiths & Avatars. ( TSR, Inc.), p. 62. ISBN 978-0786903849.To substitute liquid smoke with smoked tea, you need to steep the tea in hot water. Pour one or two heaped teaspoons in a half cup of hot water and let it simmer for about five minutes. You can let the leaves simmer longer if you want a more robust flavor. Once you’re satisfied, strain the leaves and add the liquid to your broth. Use the same amount of smoked tea as the liquid smoke you are replacing. Nitrocellulose contains insufficient oxygen to completely oxidize its carbon and hydrogen. The oxygen deficit is increased by addition of graphite and organic stabilizers. Products of combustion within the gun barrel include flammable gasses like hydrogen and carbon monoxide. At high temperature, these flammable gasses will ignite when turbulently mixed with atmospheric oxygen beyond the muzzle of the gun. During night engagements, the flash produced by ignition can reveal the location of the gun to enemy forces [6] :322–323 and cause temporary night-blindness among the gun crew by photo-bleaching visual purple. [18] Richard Baker, Skip Williams (1995). Player's Option: Combat & Tactics. ( TSR, Inc), p. 126. ISBN 0-7869-0096-2. A major step forward was the invention of guncotton, a nitrocellulose-based material, by German chemist Christian Friedrich Schönbein in 1846. He promoted its use as a blasting explosive [7] :28 and sold manufacturing rights to the Austrian Empire. Guncotton was more powerful than gunpowder, but at the same time was once again somewhat more unstable. John Taylor obtained an English patent for guncotton; and John Hall & Sons began manufacture in Faversham.