Grosescu, R. (2004). "The Political Regrouping of Romanian Nomenklatura during the 1989 Revolution". Romanian Journal of Society and Politics, 4(1), 97–123. Boyes, Roger (24 December 2009). "Ceaușescu looked in my eyes and he knew that he was going to die". The Times. London. Stanciu, Cezar (13 November 2018). "A lost chance for Balkan cooperation? The Romanian view on 'regional micro-détente', 1969—75". Cold War History. 19 (3): 421–439. doi: 10.1080/14682745.2018.1524878. S2CID 158433175 . Retrieved 13 February 2023. To lessen the chance of further treason after Pacepa's defection, Ceaușescu also invested his wife Elena and other members of his family with important positions in the government. This led Romanians to joke that Ceaușescu was creating "socialism in one family", a pun on " socialism in one country". [ citation needed]

Although Ceaușescu had been nominal head of state since 1967, he had merely been first among equals on the State Council, deriving his real power from his status as party leader. The new post, however, made him the nation's top decision-maker both in name and in fact. He was empowered to carry out those functions of the State Council that did not require plenums. He also appointed and dismissed the president of the Supreme Court and the prosecutor general whenever the legislature was not in session. In practice, from 1974 onward Ceaușescu frequently ruled by decree. [36] Over time, he usurped many powers and functions that nominally were vested in the State Council as a whole. [37] The reason why I’m giving it 3 stars is rather due to my own preferences, which this book had helped me realize. This is mainly the fact that I don’t like short historical summaries, which by their very nature gives a simplified overview. This was the case in the book, which was not only a mere recollection of events by the cooks of the dictators, but an interweaving of narration with “historical facts”. In other words, whenever the cooks recounted a certain event, the author would insert the “historical truth” in between. I have no doubt that he tried to do this the best he could but it’s just inevitable that the reader gets an oversimplified narrative. Added 3 Minute Avoidant in German: 3-Minuten-Test zur ängstlich-vermeidenden Persönlichkeitsstörung OECD Review of Agricultural Policies: Romania 2000. OECD Publishing. 29 September 2000. ISBN 978-92-64-18782-5– via Google Books. A series of official visits to Western countries (including the United States, France, the United Kingdom, Spain and Australia) helped Ceaușescu to present himself as a reforming Communist, pursuing an independent foreign policy within the Soviet Bloc. He also became eager to be seen as an enlightened international statesman, able to mediate in international conflicts, and to gain international respect for Romania. [25] Ceaușescu negotiated in international affairs, such as the opening of US relations with China in 1969 and the visit of Egyptian president Anwar Sadat to Israel in 1977. In addition, Romania was the only country in the world to maintain normal diplomatic relations with both Israel and the PLO. In 1980, Romania participated in the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow with its other Soviet bloc allies, but in 1984 was one of the few Communist countries to participate in the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles (going on to win 53 medals, trailing only the United States and West Germany in the overall count) [26] [27] while most of the Eastern Bloc's nations boycotted this event. [28] Ceaușescu with Indira Gandhi during his visit to India in 1969

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Staff, World Book, Inc (3 September 1987). The World Book Year Book, 1987. World Book – Childcraft International. ISBN 978-0-7166-0487-7– via Google Books. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link) Improved Spanish translation of the Anxiety-Stress-Depression Test: Test de ansiedad-estrés-depresión

Nicolae Ceaușescu was a close ally and personal friend of dictator Mobutu Sese Seko of Zaïre. Relations were in fact not just state-to-state, but party-to-party between their respective political machineries, the MPR and the PCR. Many believe that Ceaușescu's death played a role in influencing Mobutu to "democratise" Zaïre in 1990. [90] DECRET-LEGE nr.6 din 7 ianuarie 1990 pentru abolirea pedepsei cu moartea, pentru modificarea și abrogarea unor prevederi din Codul penal și alte acte normative" (in Romanian) . Retrieved 12 April 2016. Witold Szabłowski - Author книга, з якою я буду носитися рівно як із першою і рекомендувати скрізь! Malathronas, John (5 December 2014). "Palace of the damned dictator: On the trail of Ceausescu in Bucharest". CNN . Retrieved 12 August 2020.

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Main article: Trial and execution of Nicolae and Elena Ceaușescu Ceaușescu's original grave, Ghencea Cemetery, Bucharest (photographed in 2007) The current resting place of Nicolae and Elena Ceaușescu at Ghencea Cemetery (photographed in 2018). Note that Elena Ceaușescu's year of birth is incorrectly recorded as 1919; her actual year of birth is 1916.

Added Psychometric Hogwarts Test in Ukrainian: Психометричний тест на визначення гуртожитку в ГоґвортсіSee also: De-satellization of Communist Romania Ceaușescu with Deng Xiaoping and Leonid Brezhnev in 1965

a b c d Crampton, Richard Eastern Europe in the Twentieth Century – And After, London: Routledge, 1997 p. 356. Abraham, Florin (17 November 2016). Romania since the Second World War. ISBN 978-1-4725-2992-3– via books.google.ro. The mass meeting of 21 December, held in what is now Revolution Square, began like many of Ceaușescu's speeches over the years. He spoke of the achievements of the "Socialist revolution" and Romania's "multi-laterally developed Socialist society". He also blamed the Timișoara riots on "fascist agitators who want to destroy socialism". [61] Robert R. Conquest Robert R., Reflections on a Ravaged Century, wyd. 1st ed, New York: Norton, 2000, s. 74, ISBN 0-393-04818-7, OCLC 41412004 . Romanian students spontaneously joined the demonstration, which soon lost nearly all connection to its initial cause and became a more general anti-government demonstration. Regular military forces, police, and the Securitate fired on demonstrators on 17 December 1989, killing and injuring men, women, and children.

The social and economic transformations resulted in improved living conditions for Romanians. Economic growth allowed for higher salaries which, combined with the benefits offered by the state (free medical care, pensions, free universal education at all levels, etc.) were a leap compared to the pre-WWII situation of the Romanian population. Certain extra retributions were allowed for the peasants, who started to produce more. [29] 1966 decree [ edit ] Added Political Correctness Personality Pattern Test in Spanish: Prueba de patrón de personalidad de corrección política McGrath, Stephen (25 December 2019). "Executing a dictator: Open wounds of Romania's Christmas revolution". BBC . Retrieved 21 August 2023. Demonstrations in the city of Timișoara were triggered by the government-sponsored attempt to evict László Tőkés, an ethnic Hungarian pastor, accused by the government of inciting ethnic hatred. Members of his ethnic Hungarian congregation surrounded his apartment in a show of support. a b c d e f Crampton, Richard Eastern Europe In the Twentieth Century – And After, London: Routledge, 1997 p. 355.